Hot+Mami+De+Veres

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 * __Edward de Vere__ **

**(April 1550- June 1604)**
= **The REAL Shakespeare of Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet and Merchant of the Venice. **=  "Edward de Vere became in the 20th century the strongest candidate proposed for the authorship of Shakespeare's plays." - J. Thomas Looney TimeLine  "If you don't believe that Edward de Vere wrote Shakespeare's plays, There are some awful funny coincidences to explain away." - Orson Welles
 * 1) Born on 12 April, 1550, at Castle Hedingham in Essex.
 * 2) Received legal training at Gray's Inn after having attended Queen's College, Cambridge, and was awarded Master of Arts degrees by Oxford and Cambridge universities.
 * 3) In 1571, regained control of his estates and married Anne Cecil, daughter of Lord Burghley
 * 4) Undertook a tour of France, Germany and Italy in 1575 and was abroad for some sixteen months.
 * 5) In 1576 he made publication of his poetry //The Paradise of Dainty Devices//
 * 6) Anne died in 1588. Their three remaining daughters, Elizabeth, Bridget and Susan, would marry into the nobility
 * 7) His Blackfriars Theater in London was closed in 1590.
 * 8) In the early 1590s, he married his second wife, Elizabeth Trentham
 * 9) Their only child, Henry, heir to the earldom, was born in 1592.
 * 10) He died in June 1604, from plague, at King's Place in Hackney, located in the London suburb of Stratford.

<span style="color: #ff0069; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: left;">**<span style="background-color: #ffaa00; color: #4820cb; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 240%; text-align: center;">[|Education] ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 221%;">De Vere was a very educated man, which contributes to the many plays and poems he has written.

<span style="color: #4820cb; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 289%;">** Evidence in Shakespeare's Plays ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 221%;">Many events that have happened during De Vere's life occur in some of the plays of Shakespeare.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">De Vere received an advanced education on the studies of religion, philosophy, medicine and music.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Graduated from Cambridge University at age 14 and was created master of arts at Oxford University at the age of 16.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">The next year was admitted to Gray's Inn to study law.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">He also had the knowledge of aristocratic life, of the military, and the law.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Edward had background in theatre. He was an active patron of acting companies. He also helped direct the plays he wrote. - Similar to Hamlet in the play.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Hamlet
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">De Vere married Anne Cecil, the daughter of Lord Burghley.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">De Vere evidently represents Hamlet in the play.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">In Act II, Hamlet says "I am but mad north-north-west." It may be an allusion to the investment Oxford lost in his expedition that was seeking a northwest passage to Asia.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Hamlet says that his ship was attacked by pirates when he was on his way to England. De Vere's ship was attacked twice by pirates when he was returning to England.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">De Vere's favorite cousin was Horatio De Vere.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Hamlet's father dies while Hamlet is attending college. De Vere's father had died when De Vere was 12, while De Veres was attending college.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Lord Burghley was De Vere's guardian after his father died.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Similar to Polonius, Lord Burghley wrote a letter of advice to his son (which was printed), which has a close association to Polonius's advice to Laertes.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Nicknames that refer to Burghley in that time period was "Polus" and "Pondus", sounding similar to Polunius.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Burghley was well known for spying on people. He sent spies to report on his own son while his son was in Paris.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Burghley sponsored a law that made Wednesday and Friday "meatless day". Hamlet called Polonius a "fishmonger".
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Anne Cecil represents Ophelia.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Like Ophelia, Anne Cecil was controlled by the people of higher power, such as rulers and councillors in the royal court.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Both also were daughters of commoners and were destined to marry of higher blood.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Twelfth Night
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Was a protestent, but rumored as a Catholic
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Charged then accused Oxford of similar crimes, adding accusations of lechery, drunkenness, and homosexuality. De Vere, though also briefly imprisoned, was not charged with any crime
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Twelfth Night was probably written in 1601, and was first performed in January of 1602. We know this because the play is mentioned that year in the diary of a young Man (De Vere) training to become a lawyer at the Inns of Court in London.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">De Vere was accepted to Gray's Inn to study law
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Twelfth Night is the fourth in a series of romantic comedies which all have very bright heroines who end up teaching valuable lessons to the men who will become their husbands
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Romeo and Juliet
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">There was a street fight between Oxford's men and Thomas Knyvet's men in London, just like the fight between the Montagues and Capulets.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Oxford received a serious wound.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Knyvet was a rival political faction and a cousin of Anne Vavasor (Oxford's lover).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Men were killed in the fight and higher authorities came in to stop the fight, similar to Romeo and Juliet.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Merchant of the Venice
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Oxford represents the merchant Antonio in this play.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Antonio posted a bond with a moneylender named Shylock as a security for 3,000 ducats borrowed by a friend.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">The bond is secured by a pound of flesh that Shylock cut from his body. Antonio is not worried.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Antonio expects the return of three merchants ships with rich cargoes so he can repay Shylock back and be free of the bond. The ships unfortunately were lost at sea.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Like Antonio, Oxford pledged his bond for 3,000 pounds to invest in the third of three Frobisher voyages seeking a northwest passage to the riches of Asia.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Most of Oxford's shares was sold by Michael Lok.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Lok is sometimes spelled Lock. If "shy" is put in front, he will have the same name as the moneylender in the play. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 160%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">Unfortunately, the ships returned with no treasure and the enterprise went bankrupt.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">As You Like It
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">In A Discourse of English Poetry (1586) the Earl of Oxford was praised as the “most excellent” of poets at Court, and the author of The Arte of English Poesie (1589) asserted that he would be known as the best of the courtly poets “if their doings could be found out.” In 1598, in a collection of comments on literature – Palladis Tamia – Francis Meres included him in a list of the best comic playwrights.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 170%;">was one of series of comedies written

**Places de Vere Traveled** Italy England France Scotland **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Similar Writing Techniques ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 160%; text-align: center;"> During the early 1570s several of Oxford’s poems were published, Also in A Paradyse of Dainty Devices (1576), and in the next two decades about twenty separate poems that were attributed to him appeared in print. Another dozen have been found in manuscript; half of the poems were nameless. He also earned a reputation for his horsemanship and skill at jousting, competing in, and winning, three of Elizabeth’s tournaments in the 1570s and 1580s.

De Vere kept friendships with literary men, and at one time or another hired them as writers (Thomas Churchyard, John Lyly, and Anthony Munday). Lyly, the author of two of the earliest English novels, Euphues: the Anatomy of Wit (1578)and Euphues and his England (1579), dedicated the latter to de Vere and acted as his personal secretary <span style="color: #4820cb; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 289%; text-align: center;">**Other Coincidences** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 160%; text-align: center;">At court, Edward De vere was nicknamed "Spear-shaker" due to of his ability both at tournaments and because his coat of arms featured a lion brandishing a spear. <span style="color: #4820cb; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%; text-align: left;">
 * <span style="color: #4820cb; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 170%; text-align: center;">Reasons why de Vere might not have been recognized as Shakespeare **

====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 160%;">De Vere died too early to have written some of the later plays. He died in 1604 and about 12 plays were composed after that date. ==== <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 160%;"> One reason that Edward De Vere supposedly used the pseudonym Shakespeare was to avoid breaking an aristocratic convention not to write. However we now know that many aristocrats of his time wrote without fear of breaking the convention because it was weakly enforced.

====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 160%;">Recent studies by Robert Valenza and Ward Elliott of the Shakespeare Clinic found there to be little match between De Vere's poetry and Shakespeare's. ====

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">Interesting Facts


 * 1) Given the public praise of contemporaries extending over 35 years
 * 2) Awarded Master of Arts degrees by <span class="yshortcuts" style="background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom: medium none; cursor: hand;">Oxford and Cambridge universities.
 * 3) Throughout the 1580s, De Vere maintained a band of tumblers as well as two theater companies, Oxford's Boys and Oxford's Men.
 * 4) During the early 1580s it is likely that the Earl lived mainly at one of his Essex country houses, Wivenhoe, but this was sold in 1584.
 * 5) In 1586, to rescue him from penury, the Queen granted the Earl an annual pension
 * 6) Oxford purchased and transferred to playwright and novelist John Lyly, his secretary for more than 15 years, and at Paul's Church,
 * 7) Vere wrote plays of a quality to be cited by Francis Meres in 1598 who wrote, ''//Palladis Tamia //," for comedy and interlude.
 * 8) For 40 years he had been placed for his education during his minority.
 * 9) De Vere used 11 different metrical and stanzaic forms in the two dozen poems
 * 10) <span class="yshortcuts" style="background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom: medium none; cursor: hand;">Henry Peacham who wrote, "//The Complete Gentleman,"// would list De Vere as first among the poets of the Elizabethan period.
 * 11) In 1975, the //Encyclopedia Britannica// (15th edition) commented that, " Edward de Vere became in the 20th century the strongest candidate proposed for the authorship of Shakespeare's plays.
 * 12) Oxford’s Geneva Bible contains hundreds of phrases and verses highlighted,
 * 13) Shakespeare’s Sonnets 62, 73 and 138 give inference that an older man was author;
 * 14) Shakspere was mid-late twenties when the Sonnets, conventionally dated, were believed written
 * 15) De Vere, it is said, built puns on his name, and the family motto, in the plays: he used every word he could find “that would tell his name” to the discerning
 * 16) The Earl of Oxford married and ‘wandered’ from his marriage bed; and there is rumour of at least one homosexual affair; one of his troupes was “Oxford’s Boys”; as with Bacon, sexuality is mentioned arising out of the Sonnets

Bibliography: Jacobi, D. (2007.) A Short Life of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford. Retrieved November 13, 2009, from http://www.deveresociety.co.uk/OxfordBiography.html Whalen, R. Shakespeare: Who Was He?. Wesport, CT: Praeger Publishers

"de Vere, Edward (1550-1604)." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Ed. Tracie Ratiner. Vol. 25. 2nd ed. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2005. Student Resource Center - Gold. Gale. UDLibSEARCH - Main Account. 12 Nov. 2009 <[]>.

//J. T. Looney: “Shakespeare” Identified in Edward de Vere the Seventeenth Earl of Oxford, Cecil Palmer, 1920 B. M Ward: The Seventeenth Earl of Oxford, 1550-1604, from Contemporary Documents, John Murray, 1928 Dorothy and Charlton Ogburn: This Star of England, Coward-McCann, 1952 Charlton Ogburn Jr.: The Mysterious William Shakespeare, EPM Publications, 1984; 2nd ed. 1992// [] []

"De Vere Authorship Argument." //Absolute Shakespeare.// 2000-2005. Web. 16 Nov. 2009 <http://absoluteshakespeare.com/trivia/authorship/authorship_de_vere.htm>.